Italian Verbs Arrivare Conjugations

arrivare: to arrive, come (to), reach, succeed (in), manage, happen, occur Regular  first-conjugation Italian verbIntransitive verb (does not take a  direct object) Indicative/Indicativo Presente io arrivo tu arrivi lui, lei, Lei arriva noi arriviamo voi arrivate loro, Loro arrivano Imperfetto io arrivavo tu arrivavi lui, lei, Lei arrivava noi arrivavamo voi arrivavate loro, Loro arrivavano Passato Remoto io arrivai tu arrivasti lui, lei, Lei arriv noi arrivammo voi arrivaste loro, Loro arrivarono Futuro Semplice io arriver tu arriverai lui, lei, Lei arriver noi arriveremo voi arriverete loro, Loro arriveranno Passato Prossimo io sono arrivato/a tu sei arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei arrivato/a noi siamo arrivati/e voi siete arrivati/e loro, Loro sono arrivati/e Trapassato Prossimo io ero arrivato/a tu eri arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei era arrivato/a noi eravamo arrivati/e voi eravate arrivati/e loro, Loro erano arrivati/e Trapassato Remoto io fui arrivato/a tu fosti arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei fu arrivato/a noi fummo arrivati/e voi foste arrivati/e loro, Loro furono arrivati/e Future Anteriore io sar arrivato/a tu sarai arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei sar arrivato/a noi saremo arrivati/e voi sarete arrivati/e loro, Loro saranno arrivati/e Subjunctive/Congiuntivo Presente io arrivi tu arrivi lui, lei, Lei arrivi noi arriviamo voi arriviate loro, Loro arrivino Imperfetto io arrivassi tu arrivassi lui, lei, Lei arrivasse noi arrivassimo voi arrivaste loro, Loro arrivassero Passato io sia arrivato/a tu sia arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei sia arrivato/a noi siamo arrivati/e voi siate arrivati/e loro, Loro siano arrivati/e Trapassato io fossi arrivato/a tu fossi arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei fosse arrivato/a noi fossimo arrivati/e voi foste arrivati/e loro, Loro fossero arrivati/e Conditional/Condizionale Presente io arriverei tu arriveresti lui, lei, Lei arriverebbe noi arriveremmo voi arrivereste loro, Loro arriverebbero Passato io sarei arrivato/a tu saresti arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei sarebbe arrivato/a noi saremmo arrivati/e voi sareste arrivati/e loro, Loro sarebbero arrivati/e Imperative/Imperativo Presente arriva arrivi arriviamo arrivate arrivino Infinitive/Infinito Presente arrivare Passato essere arrivato Participle/Participio Presente arrivante Passato arrivato Gerund/Gerundio Presente arrivando Passato essendo arrivato

Question and Answers on the Medieval Time Period - 900 Words

1. Describe medieval chivalry. What were the virtues associated with chivalry? What role did women play in the chivalric society? Chivalry is a system with principles and customs for people that are training to become a knight. In the medieval days they lived up to the code that many knights highly rated as a valuable way to live by. In ancient Rome they praised battle tactics as well as literature and other type of art. There was nothing more important to the knights than honouring, serving and always displaying the courage to fight for their respected sides. In the later middle ages, wealthy merchants strove to adopt chivalric attitudes - the sons of the bourgeoisie were educated at aristocratic courts where they were trained in the manners of the knightly class. This type of behaviour created noble men and was the result of what people now refer as gentlemen. Being a gentleman meant you respected women, followed the code and showed humility. Religion had a big part to do with influencing the knights and the way they began to think. Women were seen as evil and witchcraft doers in medieval times and it was tha nks to the Virgin Mary that most people didn’t think of them as lesser creatures. They still had to tend to children and please their husbands, but other than that they had no part in owning or sharing wealth with their men counterparts. Essay | 20.00pts 2. How did Francis of Assisi revolutionize monasticism in medieval Italy? Francis of Assisi known asShow MoreRelatedHow Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans1696 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature 1st 3 December 2015 How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans In life majority of people believe telling the truth is the correct way of living. Truth has endured the world throughout time and is seemingly unanswerable to those who do not understand it because this subject appears in every culture. Truth goes along with universal questions such as what is beauty, justice, and power. And love but none have a direct answer because they are all dependent on the culture they are currentlyRead MoreWitchcraft1717 Words   |  7 Pagesabout witchcraft, but avoid unapproved websites * Collect as much relevant data as possible and concentrate it all in one document * Decide on the focus question based on the collected data * Set up a couple of sub-questions that will help me better answer the focus question * Make the structure of the essay Focus question: What was witchcraft mania and to what extend did it affect the lives of women in 16th and 17th century in Europe? * For what reason did the witchcraftRead MoreThe Renaissance And Reformation And The Reformation1507 Words   |  7 Pagesmany of the same issues. Both these movements addressed the question of human fate and tried to make changes to entities and institutions in society. These broad similarities allow some to believe that the Renaissance and Reformation had a relationship in which the former caused the latter. However, while both the Renaissance and Reformation deal with questions of human fate and are movements of change, the answers they had to the this question and the changes they made were contradictory and thus complicateRead MoreRoles And Roles Of William Shakespeare s The Revival Of Theatre Medieval Western Europe 1337 Words   |  6 Pages7. With specific reference to ONE or MORE of the Quem Quaeritis tropes, discuss the role played by the Church in the revival of theatre in Medieval Western Europe. The relationship between Christianity and theatre was always a complicated one, however, it was the Church that played a vital role in the revival of theatre in Medieval Western Europe. After a drought of theatrical performance, the Church slowly evolved from presenting liturgical readings to dramatic tropes. Quem Quaeritis tropes wereRead MoreThe Role Of Women In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1035 Words   |  5 Pagesnow as it was over six hundred years ago. Geoffrey Chaucer first explores this in his famous collection of stories The Canterbury Tales. In Chaucer’s tales, he explores the situations of multiple individuals of varying backgrounds in the medieval time period. Each character tells a story that reveals some aspect of their morality and personality. Quite often, their tale also reveals their opinion of a certain overlying subject; such is the case with many character’s opinions of women and theirRead MoreWhy Arent Jewish Women Circumcised? by Shayne J.D. Cohen1326 Words   |  6 PagesShayne J. D. Cohen presents an extensive study of the question â€Å"why aren’t Jewish women circumcised?† Throughout the book he examines this question in a number of different and unique ways. He writes this book in hopes to inform and educate the curious mind such as scholars and lay people. Furthermore, he states that â€Å"In this book I am interested not only in the history of Jewish circumcision but also, and perhaps even more so, in the history of Jewishness.† (Cohen, pg.xii) In other words, CohenRead MoreUsing Kieran O Conors Medieval Rural Settlement in Munster to Dscuss Late Medieval Settlement in Munster829 Words   |  3 PagesThe Anglo-Norman period in Ireland from c. 1169 - c. 1350, like people from Europe are from different social ranks and origins. The evidence researched for this essay will help us understand and focus on can depictions of what the rural landscape in Munster looked like (OConor 2004, p. 228). In the past of archaeological research the rural landscape in Munster has been neglected for excavating urban areas in Cork, Limerick and Waterford, however, there have been a few publications on rural landscapesRead MoreMedieval Vs. Renaissance Philosophy1514 Words   |  7 PagesCollin Kwasigroch Dr. Molvarec History 1002 9/29/17 Medieval Vs Renaissance Philosophy The Medieval Era was a time dominated by belief. People lived with such great superstition and fear of God. Many people were focused not on their lives her on earth, but rather their life after death. During the Renaissance people became more humanistic and focused more on their lives in the moment rather than their afterlife. We can see these changes of Ideas by studying the works of Saint Anselm of CanterburyRead MoreThe Author of the Black Death: John Aberth Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesVermont. In 1992, John Aberth received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in Medieval Studies after he received his masters from the University of Leeds. He is the author of five books, whose main focus is the effects of the Black Death in the later Middle Ages, including The First Horsemen: Disease in Human History, The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350, and A Knight at the Movies: Medieval History on Film. Published in 2001, From the Brink of the Apocalypse: Confronting FamineRead MoreCourtly Love in The Knights Tale and The Wife of Baths Tale1353 Words   |  6 Pages which began in the Medieval Period and still exists today. While these ideals were prevalent in medieval society, they still existed with much controversy. Geoffrey Chaucer, a poet of the period, comments on courtly love in his work The Canterbury Tales. Through the use of satiric elements and skilled mockery, Chaucer creates a work that not only brought courtly love to the forefront of medieval society but also introduced feministic ideals to the medieval society. At times, Chaucer even makes readers

Bipolar Disorder - National Institute of Mental Health - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1489 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? According to the National Institute of Health approximately 5.7 million adults in America are diagnosed with some form of Bipolar disorder every year, making up 2.6% of the population. At least 25% of patients diagnosed with Bipolar disorder will attempt to or will commit suicide in their lifetime (NIH, Jamison,2017). Bipolar disorder is a mental health illness that is classified by mood swings from deep depression to mania or hypomania. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Bipolar Disorder National Institute of Mental Health" essay for you Create order There are three main types of Bipolar disorder, all classified by how often the cycling of moods is experienced as well as the type of mania or depression experienced by the patient. Many patients who suffer from Bipolar also suffer from other mental health conditions such as anxiety or post traumatic stress disorder (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Because this disorder manifests itself in many ways it can be hard to identify and diagnose, often being confused with depression or in some cases schizophrenia. It has been found that a patients family may exacerbate or trigger manic or depressive episodes, but family therapy and intervention can help stabilize the person with Bipolar (Miklowitz,2007). Studies show that diagnosing children with Bipolar disorder can be difficult because it can be confused with symptoms of other mental illnesses or trauma, but if untreated the consequences can be extremely severe and even deadly (Sutton,2013). Bipolar disorder occurs equally in men and women, and equa lly across all races and religions, but the type of bipolar disorder tends to vary among genders. People with relatives who have Bipolar are also much more likely to have the disorder themselves, with the likelihood increasing with the amount of relatives. Although Bipolar disorder can be difficult to pinpoint, once it has been diagnosed the patient has many treatment steps they can take, including individual and family therapy and medication. The typical onset age of Bipolar disorder is 25 (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017), but it can present itself at any age, although it may be harder to diagnose and may be confused with other mental health illnesses. Bipolar disorder can only be diagnosed by a mental health professional and the type of Bipolar that is diagnosed is qualified by multiple criteria, such as the frequency of mood cycling, or whether the patient experiences mania or hypomania. Mania and hypomania are different in that mania can be more destructive and severe, and mania can also trigger a psychotic break, while hypomania tends to be less severe and cause less damage in the persons personal life and relationships (Mayo Clinic,2018). Some symptoms of mania and hypomania include: Racing thoughts, a lack of need for sleep, false sense of self-confidence, and impulsive or risky financial or sexual behaviors. Some symptoms of a major depressive episode include: Fatigue or energy loss, significant gain in sleep or insomnia, lack of enjoyment in activities that the patient used to enjoy, and feelings of immense sadness, hopelessness or lack of motivation (Mayo Clinic,2018). Bipolar I disorder is classified by one manic episode that is preceded by or followed by depressive or hypomanic episodes. Bipolar II is classified by one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode, but does not necessarily include mania. A diagnosis for Cyclothymic disorder requires two years containing many hypomanic and depressive episodes (Mayo Clinic,2018). Bipolar disorder is currently the sixth leading cause of disability in the world (NIH,2017) and it occurs equally across all socio-economic platforms, religions, and places in the world. Men and women are equally susceptible to bipolar disorder, but women are three times more likely to experience Bipolar in a rapid cycling form (NIH,2017). Women are also much more likely to experience the disorder with mainly depressive episodes than men. A major problem when it comes to diagnosing children with Bipolar disorder (although it affects approximately 750,000 children a year (Sutton,2013)), is that it doesnt seem to follow typical mood cycling patterns typically found in the disorder, because mania and depression tend to manifest differently in younger people. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance as many as 80% of children with Bipolar disorder are undiagnosed for up to ten years before receiving appropriate treatment. This difficulty in diagnosing stems from the fact that at such a young age, the childs behaviors may be confused for ADHD, Depressive disorders, or may be attributed to typical experiences of puberty. Having so many undiagnosed adolescents and children is dangerous and often causes problems in the patients life. Children with undiagnosed Bipolar are at an increased risk of experiencing difficulty in academics, and are higher risk of having learning disabilities. Adolescents with undiagnosed Bipolar disorder are also 40-50% more likely to experience alcohol or drug abuse (Sutton,2013). They also tend to experience a much greater difficulty maintaining healthy friendships and relationships, even with family members. Although as of right now there is no definitive cause of Bipolar disorder, multiple factors have been found to exacerbate it, or make it more likely. Currently it is believed that the disorder is partially caused by the malfunction of three brain chemicals: Serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline (Psych central, 2018). Bipolar has also been found to be a hereditary disease, with the likelihood increasing if one or both parents have the disorder. If one parent has Bipolar disorder the likelihood of the child having it spikes by 15%, and if both parents have it, the likelihood of the child developing the disorder is 40% greater (Mayo Clinic,2018). Environmental factors can als affect when the disorder begins to manifest itself outwardly. Traumatic events may trigger a depressive episode, and alcohol or drug use may trigger manic episodes or even psychotic breaks. Family has also been shown to greatly affect the cycling of moods in a person with Bipolar Disorder. Research has implicated the role of psycho-social stressors, including high expressed emotion attitudes among family members, in the relapse- remission course of the disorder (Miklowitz,2007). In families where high expressed emotion attitudes are common, such as intense criticism, hostility, and/or emotional overinvolvement negative interactions tend to occur more often and may trigger Irritability in the person with Bipolar disorder, and may be linked to causing manic or hypomanic episodes, which in turn causes more high expressed-emotion interactions from the parent or family member (Miklowitz,2007). Family focused treatment has been shown to help resolve these high emotion-expressed situations, and also teaches parents and family of the person with Bipolar disorder how to recognize symptoms of an episode and how to act in ways that wont further trigger them. Some components of fam ily focused treatment include psychoeducation, communication enhancement treatment, and problem-solving skills training. Even though theres currently no cure for Bipolar, there are many treatments that can help maintain stability in someone with the disorder. Many people choose with Bipolar choose medications to stabilize their moods. Many psychiatrists recommend anti- convulsants (anti-seizure) medications such as Lithium or Topiramate, while others recommend anti- psychotics like Risperidone or Ziprasidone. Some choose to also undergo therapy that also acts as education about their disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and family therapy have all been shown to aid stabilization. Educating oneself about Bipolar disorder can also help stabilization because it teaches the patient how to recognize symptoms of mania or depression. Summary Bipolar disorder affects 2.6% of the American population, and is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world. It affects men, women, and all races and classes of people indiscriminately, as well as children. Bipolar disorder is often harder to diagnose in children, and can cause many problems for them in adolescence. There is no definitive cause of Bipolar disorder, but there are multiple factors that are suspected to be responsible; including hereditary genetics, neurotransmission failure and environmental factors including the family of the person with Bipolar disorder. Manic and depressive episodes can be triggered by high expressed-emotion families, but this can be counteracted through family therapy. There is no current cure for Bipolar, but through consistent therapy and the proper medication, people with the disorder can live relatively stable lives. Discussion I chose the topic of Bipolar disorder because not only do I find it to be interesting, I was diagnosed with mixed state Bipolar disorder six years ago. I always enjoying having reasons to educate myself on issues that affect my life on a day to day basis. The topic I chose was one of the options given, but It also relates to the course specifically because it is mentioned in chapter 15 under the unit about psychological disorders. Much of the information in this paper I was already aware considering I live with the disorder every day, but something interesting I learned about was high expressive-emotion families and how that can trigger mania. That was something I took note of because that cycle of criticism and interference from my parents leading to irritation on my part was something I could relate to. I think that family focused treatment could help me and my family understand my disorder better, so I will definitely keep that information with me moving forward.

Locke’s Political Theory - 1377 Words

Locke had undoubtedly aimed to defend ideas that are still being debated today. Rather distinctively, Locke portrays sovereignty as belonging and residing with the people. Unlike Hobbes, we see the state of nature as consisting of equality and there is an existence of natural rights that govern behaviour. Yet, the question is to why a society may need a sovereign if the state of nature was so, arguably, peaceful in the first place. Locke argues that this is because there are bound to be some people infringing others’ rights (‘inconveniences’), which will then need to be sanctioned (Laslett 1988). Also, a state and separate judicial, legislative and executive branches are required to protect private property. If the government ceases to act†¦show more content†¦There is a clear danger of bias within Locke’s arguments here. Moreover, it has also been argued that Locke’s political theory is completely flawed as consent is very weak, or maybe does not even exist. The years and histories of politics have witnessed many inter-state wars, civil wars, human sufferings, revolutions, uprisings and still today, there are many groups in societies that are constantly marginalised and silenced. In a world of violence and endless cycles of problems, it may be naà ¯ve to say that people consent to their governments and the arrangements on their lands. Ironically, it is precisely the existence of a certain type of government that leads to problems and uprisings, as populations can become dissatisfied and unhappy. Yet, this criticism may be regarded as pessimistic and Locke does indeed address this issue when he argues that people have a right to rise against their governments, when they are dissatisfied and thus give consent to a new government (although this may, in reality, be very difficult and sometimes ev en impossible practically). Locke’s political theory embraces the idea of consent as Locke believes that a poor peasant under a government is still in a better situation than somebody who lives under no rule. As Hume writes, therefore, people may consent from â€Å"necessity† (Haakonssen 1994, p.194) but this is beneficial. They are then able to â€Å"live under his dominion†Show MoreRelatedAge Of Enlightenment755 Words   |  4 PagesThe first treatise of government, written in 1689, was Locke’s way to denounce and criticize Patriarcha, a book written by Robert Filmer, an English political theorist. Patriarcha, also known as The Natural Power of Kings, was written to show the divine right given to kings. King’s rule, according to Filmer, was directly passed down from the gods making the king complete authority and law over his citizens. However, Locke rejected Filmer’s theory by stating that men by their natural rights are bornRead MoreSocial Contract Theory of John L ocke Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Contract Theory of John Locke Given the honored and extensive authority that the social contract theory upholds, the supposition still endures various assessments. The view that people’s ethical and political responsibilities are reliant upon a contract between them to structure a society is also precisely linked with current ethical and political theory. John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704), a prominent truth-seeker among other professions of the 17th and early 18th centuries, is primarily recognizedRead MoreThe Classical Theory Of The Law Of Nature And The Social Treaty Of John Locke Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pages The classical theory of the law of nature and the social treaty of John Locke can be found in the fundamentals of the modern, especially in the Anglo-Saxon, governmental institutions. This work of his exceeds the borders of one particular historical political event. Locke’s political theory is a classical example of a normative doctrine that leaves Aristotle’s famous separation between the theoretical and practical disciplines and connects politics with ethics on the principles upon which law isRead MorePhilosophers: Niccolo Machiavelli, John Locke and Karl Marx885 Words   |  4 Pagesadvocates political absolutism. It is a form of government in which the governed accept the powers granted to a single ruler usually vested in a king or an emperor by divine manifestation. On the other hand, both Locke and Marx contradict the Machiavellian ideology of government. In contrast, Locke and Marx both have coinciding ideals, in which they believe that government is maintained with the consent of the governed. However the fundamentals of their philosophies differ in that Locke’s revolvesRead MoreBusiness Ethics: John Locke Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pages his ideas and contributions to business ethics. Business ethics investigations can be broken down into three different sub-categories, systematic, corporate, and individual. Systematic issues in business are ethical questions about economic, political, legal, and other institutions within which businesses operate. Corporate issues are ethical questions dealing in a particular organization, such as, questions about the morality of their activities, policies, practices, or organizational structureRead MorePolitical Philosophy And The Natural Law856 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical philosophy and the natural law are seldom reflected on in politics. Typically, persons in a political or civil society are often distracted by fiscal success or recreational leisure. In society today, there exists a consensus reality with the prospect of money and power. This reality emanates from a scandalous and corrupted political system. As a result, there lacks the recognition of idealistic values on liberalism, human rights, and the natural law. The re have been several philosophersRead MoreLocke And Rousseau s Theory Of A Social Contract1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthey ultimately have a different political philosophy. Locke and Rousseau have clearly distinct social contract theories, interpretations of man and the state of nature. In his work, Discourse on Inequality, establishes the idea of a fraudulent social contract. Rousseau further develops his political theory and discusses contemporary themes like the state of nature in, The Social Contract. There is a clear distinction between Rousseau’s theory and Locke’s theory as laid out in the, Second TreatiseRead More Pateman On Locke Essays1259 Words   |  6 Pages For years social contract theorists had monopolized the explanation of modern society. John Locke was among those who advocated this theory of a collectively chosen set of circumstances. Carole Pateman, on the other hand rejects many of the pillars of the social contract and specifically attacks certain aspects of Lockes argument regarding paternalism and patriarchy. Pateman defends her idea that the individual about which Locke writes is masculine, instead of the gender-encompassing form of theRead MoreJohn Locke : The Defender Of Limited Government1462 Words   |  6 Pages To many, John Locke is known as the defender of limited government. Locke’s limited government can be defined as one in which â€Å"a morally legitimate government coerces only those who freely and voluntarily consent to its authority† (Locke on Government, Arneson). Therefore, in Locke’s theory of politics, a government can only work if its people are consenting. Locke defines consent as either explicit or tacit. Explicit can be defined as obvious whereas tacit would fall under what is understood withoutRead MorePolitical Theory of John Locke Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Locke: Account of Political Society What would the American government be like today if it was not for the mind and political theory of John Locke? Some historians and philosophers believe that without John Locke our government would only be a shadow of what it is today. Arguably, one of his most important political and philosophical works was his Two Treatises of Government. There he argues that the function of the state is to protect the natural rights of its citizens, primarily to

Cerebro Vascular Accident Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(68) " presence of malnutrition in station shot Dysphagia is runing high\." Introduction Stroke or Cerebro Vascular Accident is the rapid loss of encephalon map ( s ) due to the perturbation in the blood supply. This is caused by ischaemia resulted from the obstruction of blood supply or a bleeding. The obstruction can be due to any thrombosis or arterial intercalation which consequences in deficiency of O and glucose to the encephalon country and it can take to decease of encephalon cells and encephalon harm. We will write a custom essay sample on Cerebro Vascular Accident Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This frequently consequences in an inability to travel one or more limbs on one side of the organic structure, inability to understand or explicate address, inability to see one side of the ocular field etc. Stroke is a medical exigency as it causes lasting neurological harm, complications and even decease. ( WHO, 2008 ) Stroke is a life altering event that non merely affects the handicapped individual but besides their household and attention givers. Effective showing, rating and direction schemes for shot are good established in good developed states, but these schemes have non been to the full implemented in India. ( American Health Association, 2009 ) Stroke incidence and prevalence are indispensable for ciphering the load of disease and for be aftering the bar and intervention of shot patients. WHO estimates the figure of stroke events in some selected European states such as, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland is likely to increase from 1.1A million per twelvemonth in 2000 to more than 1.5A million per twelvemonth in 2025 entirely because of the demographic alterations. ( Truelsen et al. , 2006 ) The prevalence rate of shot is higher among the Asians. In India it is about 250-300/10000 population per twelvemonth. The National Commission on Macro-economic and Health estimated that, in India the figure of shot rate will increases from 1,081,480 in 2000 to 1,667,372 in 2015. In 1998, the overall age adjusted prevalence rate for shot is estimated to lie between 84-262/100,000 population in rural and between 334-424/100,000 populations in urban countries. The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that the one-year shot incidence of India will increase from 91/100,000 in 2015 to 98/100,000 in 2030. ( Ezzati et al 2004 ) It has been estimated that by 2021 the shot related disablement counts in 61 million, and 52 million of which would be in developing states. Harmonizing to recent surveies, 55 % to 70 % of shot subsisters become to the full independent by 1 twelvemonth and 7 % to 15.7 % remained wholly disabled. Among those who had speech disfunction, complete recovery was reported in 47 % of instances, and there was no betterment in 12 % . Dysarthria was commoner than dysphasia. Post Stroke ictus was observed in about 2 % of instances. ( Banerjee A ; Das, 2008 ) In 2005, 400 to 800 shots per 100,000 populations in globally. 5.7 million Deaths and 15 million new acute shot instances are reported yearly. Globally, over the past four decennaries, the one-year age- standardised shot incidence rate has decreased by1.1 % in high income states but it has been increased by 5.3 % in low to middle income states. ( Feigin 2009 ) The mortality rate of shot is decreasing or stabilising in developed states. It was estimated in 2000 that, the shot accounted for 0.9-4.5 % of entire medical admittances and 9.2-30 % admittances in neurological wards. 12 % of all shots occur in people less than 40 old ages. Previous shot is the major ground for the shot in those who aged more than 65 old ages. It is estimated that 2 % decreases in overall shot mortality in India will ensue in 6.4 million fewer deceases over 10 twelvemonth period. ( Dalal et al. , 2007 ) There are chiefly two types of shot comprises ischaemic and haemorrhagic shot. Ischemic stroke histories for approximately 75 % of all shots which occurs due to thrombus that blocks or diminishes the blood flow to the portion of the encephalon. A haemorrhagic shot occurs when a blood vas on the encephalon surface ruptures and fills the infinite between the encephalon and skull with blood ( subarachnoid bleeding ) or when faulty arteria in the encephalon explosions and fills the environing tissue with blood ( intellectual bleeding ) . Both consequence in deficiency of blood flow to the encephalon and a buildup of blood that put excessively much of force per unit area on the encephalon. ( Swadron, 2010 ) The clinical effects of shot can be named based on the arteria involved. This includes infarct in the anterior intellectual arteria ( ACA ) , in-between intellectual arteria ( MCA ) , posterior intellectual arteria ( PCA ) and basilar/vertebral arteria. Middle intellectual arteria and basilar arteria are most frequently involved in shot. Entire Anterior Circulation Infarcts ( TACI ) had 100 % incidence of Dysphagia, followed by Partial Anterior Circulation Infarcts ( PACI-36 % ) , Posterior Circulation infarcts ( POCI-33 % ) , and Lacunar infarcts ( LACI-18 % ) . 67 % of bleedings had post-stroke Dysphagia. ( Sundar et al. , 2008 ) Dysphagia ( trouble in get downing ) is resulted if the shots occur in the in-between intellectual arteria or internal carotid arteria or vertebral or basilar arteria. Dysphagia can be seen in 65 % of the patients with shot. If non identified and managed it can take to hapless nutrition, pneumonia and increased disablement. Aspiration is the major job associated with Dysphagia. ( Stroke connexion magazine July/august 2003 ) Approximately 30 % of the patients who had one-sided shot have dysphagic symptoms and a similar per centum have been reported in encephalon hurt patients. It is estimated that between 29 and 50 % of acute shot subsisters are dysphagic. Early bedside appraisal of Dysphagia is indispensable to forestall aspiration hazard in shot patients. ( Smithard et al. , 2003 ) Asiatics were more likely to develop Dysphagia after shot. InA theA strokeA group, the adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) with 95 % assurance interval ( CI ) forA DysphagiaA was significantly higher for Asians than whitesA inA New York ( OR=1.64 ; 95 % CI, 1.50-1.79 ) and California ( OR=1.69 ; 95 % CI, 1.34-2.13 ) . The adjusted OR was somewhat but significantly higher for inkinesss than whitesA inA New York ( OR=1.15 ; 95 % CI, 1.03-1.28 ) . ( Fernandez et al. , 2008 ) The relentless dysphagia can take to malnutrition in the shot patients. The presence of malnutrition in station shot Dysphagia is runing high. You read "Cerebro Vascular Accident Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" The overall odds of being malnourished were higher among topics who were dysphagic compared with topics with integral get downing ( odds ratio: 2.425 ; 95 % assurance interval: 1.264-4.649, A P lt ; 0.008 ) . ( Foley et al. , 2009 ) The higher incidence of Dysphagia increases the hazard of aspiration. In a prospective survey 60 patients were assessed clinically and underwent a bedside water-swallowing trial and videofluoroscopy within 72 hours of shot. Twenty-five patients ( 42 % ) were seen to draw out in the videofluoroscopy ; of these 20 % did non hold open Dysphagia as detected by a simple water-swallowing trial. Aspiration is most common in the early period following acute shot as a consequence of Dysphagia. ( Kidd et al. , 1993 ) Harmonizing to American Health Association ( 2006 ) , the primary bar of shot is of import because more than 70 % of shots are primary events. This includes behaviour alteration such as decreased smoke, intoxicant and salt ingestion forms, increasing fruits and vegetable ingestion and physical activity. ( Gupta et al, 2008 ) Need FOR THE STUDY Stroke is one of the prima causes of decease and disablement in the universe. Approximately 20 million people in each twelvemonth will endure from shot and 5 million of these will non be survive. Community surveys from many parts show rough prevalence rates for shot in the scope of 90-222 per 100,000 individuals. The Global Burden of Disease ( GBD ) Study, in 1990, reported 9.4 million deceases in India, of which 619,000 deceases were due to stroke, proposing a mortality rate of 73 per 100,000 individuals. The worldwide incidence has been quoted as 2 per 1000 population per twelvemonth, and about 4 per 1000 population in the people aged 45-84 old ages. The developing states histories for 85 % of planetary deceases from shot. With mention to the functional damages, 20 % of the people will necessitate institutional attention after 3 months and 15 to 30 % being for good disabled. ( Bhat et al. , 2007 ) Analysis of early deceases after shot is of import, as some deceases may be preventable. A survey on 1073 back-to-back shot patients showed 212 deceases within the first 30 yearss, leads to a mortality rate of 20 % . Early mortality after shot exhibits a bimodal distribution. One extremum occurs during the first hebdomad, and a 2nd during the 2nd and 3rd hebdomads. The high proportion of deceases in the first hebdomad is due to transtentorial herniation. After that, deceases are due to comparative stationariness ( pneumonia, pneumonic intercalation and sepsis ) predominate, striking towards the terminal of the 2nd hebdomad. ( Silver et al. , 1984 ) Dysphagia is common after shot. The appraisal of Dysphagia was made by utilizing standardised clinical methods in patients with acute shot. Dysphagia was more frequent in patients with haemorrhagic shot ( 31/63 vs. 110/343 ; P = 0.01 ) . In patients with ischaemic shot, the engagement of the arterial district of the entire in-between intellectual arteria was more often associated with Dysphagia ( 28.2 vs. 2.2 % ; p lt ; 0.0001 ) . Multivariate analysis disclosed that shot mortality and disablement were independently associated with Dysphagia ( P lt ; 0.0001 ) . The frequence of Dysphagia was comparatively high. Dysphagia assessed clinically was a important variable foretelling decease and disablement at 90 yearss. ( Paciaroni et al. , 2004 ) In acute ischaemic stroke the Dysphagia occurred within 48 hours after the oncoming of the first symptoms. After exigency infirmary admittance, three patients underwent neurological clinical rating and clinical appraisal of get downing. One of the patients presented functional swallowing, while the other two had mild and moderate oropharyngeal Dysphagia. The findings substantiate the literature informations sing the badness of the neurological status and the manifestation of Dysphagia. ( Favero et al. , 2011 ) Dysphagia and hapless nutritionary position occur often after shot. On clinical scrutiny 52.6 % of survey patients ‘ demonstrated Dysphagia and 26.3 % were identified with hapless nutritionary position. Dysphagia, based on clinical appraisal, was associated with shot badness ( National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, OR 4.6, 95 % CI 1.6-13.1 ; modified Rankin Scale, OR 12.3, 95 % CI 3.2-47.4 ) and with functional unwritten consumption ( OR 29.2, 95 % CI 8.4-101.8 ) , but non with steps of nutritionary position ( Mini Nutritional Assessment, OR 1.0, 95 % CI 0.4-2.8 ) . Nutritional steps did non correlate with swallowing or shot badness steps. It confirms that dysphagia and hapless nutritionary position are prevalent in patients with acute ischaemic shot. ( Crary et al. , 2006 ) A population based long term follow up survey was conducted to find the Dysphagia nowadays in the first hebdomad of acute shot associated with long term result. Dysphagia was assessed within 1 hebdomad in the shot patients and they were followed up annually at 3 months for 5 old ages. And they found that the presence of Dysphagia during the acute stage of shot associated with hapless result during the undermentioned old ages, particularly at 3 months. The survey related the dysphagia with increased institutionalization rate. ( Smithard et al. , 1997 ) An experimental prospective survey on 87 patients admitted with acute shot in the University infirmary of South Manchester to happen out the relationship between the side of shot and the presence of aspiration on videofluoroscopy. They undertook the patients for encephalon CT scanning and repeated videofluoroscopy. The survey concluded that the go oning aspiration might be related to the side of intellectual lesion. ( O’Neill, 2000 ) A survey conducted to happen out the incidence of Dysphagia in shot patients who were admitted in neuro rehabilitation unit. The survey compared the clinical bedside appraisal and videofluoroscopy to specify any correlativity between Dysphagia and clinical features of the patients. They enrolled both ischaemic and haemorrhagic shot. They concluded that Dysphagia is seen in one tierce of the shot patients who admitted in nuero rehabilitation unit. The class of Dysphagia correlated with the dysarthria, aphasia, low FIM and degree of cognitive operation. They found that the big cortical shots of non dominant side were associated with Dysphagia. ( Caterina 2009 ) A prospective survey in 121 patients utilizing standardised bedside appraisal and videofluoroscopic scrutiny was done to foretell the relationship between Dysphagia with the result and complications after shot. The presence of aspiration, mortality, functional result, length of stay, topographic point of discharge, happening of chest infection, nutritionary position and hydration were the chief result steps. It was found that the unnatural sup on appraisal had a higher hazard of aspiration and hapless nutritionary position. The presence of Dysphagia was associated with an increased hazard of decease, disablement, length of infirmary stay and institutional attention. ( Morris, 2000 ) Assorted get downing techniques have consequence on the nutritionary result of the shot patients. The interventions such as unwritten motor exercising, different get downing techniques, placement, and diet alteration aid to better the nutritionary form depend on the patient status. About 38 shot patients between 53 to 89 old ages of age with subjective ailments of Dysphagia and oral/pharyngeal disfunction were underwent swallowing intervention. The consequence revealed that the betterment in get downing map was associated with betterment in nutritionary parametric quantities. ( Elmstahl et al.,1999 ) Exercise based Dysphagia therapy can better the functional and physiological alterations in get downing public presentation of the grownup with chronic Dysphagia. After 3 hebdomads of intense exercising based Dysphagia therapy swallowing was improved. Physiological alterations after therapy imply an improved neuromuscular operation within the swallow mechanism. ( Carnaby et al. , 2012 ) The progressive linguistic exercising plan helps to better the swallowing map. A prospective cohort interventional survey suggested that the linguistic exercising plan helps to better the swallowing in patients with linguistic failing and get downing disablement. ( Robbins et al. , 2007 ) The clinical poster of the research worker leads to detect the shot patients. Investigator observed that one tierce of the patients who are holding shot developed get downing and feeding troubles which later result in aspiration pneumonia and add hazard to their life. All of them require dietetic alteration and half of them in demand of nasogastric or gastrostomy tubing for feeding support. This affect the nutritionary position and increase the length of infirmary stay and later affect the patient ‘s quality of life. This induce an involvement in the research worker over the peculiar country, â€Å" Post Stroke Dysphagia † . It gives a strong thrust to seek for the direction of Dysphagia in Post Stroke patients from diaries and besides from the life experience in the wards. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia at KMCH, Coimbatore-14 Aim The aims of the survey are to, Assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Determine the effectivity of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Associate the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected demographic and clinical variables. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS POST STROKE DYSPHAGIA It refers to the trouble in get downing irrespective of the country of encephalon harm, ischaemic or haemorrhagic shots among the station shot patients. SWALLOWING Performance It refers to the ability of station shot dysphagic patients to get down, which is assessed by utilizing Gugging Swallowing Screen ( GUSS ) graduated table and the patients are graded as mild, moderate, terrible and no dysphagic based on the mark obtained. Eating Performance Feeding public presentation implies the capableness of the station stroke dysphagic patients to go through the liquids, semisolids and solid nutrients from the oral cavity to the throat, and so into the tummy and it can be assessed by the Functional Oral Intake Scale ( FOIS ) to categorise the patients as either tubing dependant or entire unwritten consumption. SELECTED Nursing INTERVENTIONS Selected nursing intercessions refer to the nursing activities which include get downing exercisings such as Shaker exercising and Hyoid lift manoeuvre and Positioning during the swallowing to better the swallowing and feeding public presentation of the patients with station shot dysphagia. Hypothesis: H1: There is a important difference in the Swallowing and Feeding Performance before and after the execution of Selected Nursing Interventions in Post Stroke Patients with dysphagia. Premise: Patients with cerebrovascular accident suffer with changing grade of Dysphagia. Swallowing exercisings strengthen the swallowing musculuss. How to cite Cerebro Vascular Accident Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Computerized system free essay sample

A library is a bunch of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term Libarary has itself acquired a secondary meaning; A collection of useful material for Library informs their users of what materials are available in their collections and how to access that information. Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the card catalog. a cabinet containing many drawers filled with index cards that identified the books and other materials. In a large library, the card catalog often filled a large room. The emergence of the Internet, however, has led to the adoption of electronic catalog databases (often referred to as â€Å"web cats† or as online public access catalogs, OPACs), which allow users to search the library’s holdings from any location with internet access. This style of catalog maintenance is compatible with new types of libraries, such as digital libraries and distributed libraries, as well as older libraries that have been retrofitted. This proposed system is an offline access of library system or it doesn’t need to have an internet or web connection to run the program. It focuses on library transaction including borrowing of books, producing a library report in much accurate and easier way. In this system, the librarian doesn’t have to used a card catalog; all she has to do is search the specific name of the book, title of book, and/or author in the system, common use, and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. This proposed Computerized Library System is recommended for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. This proposed computerized library system is design to help students, teachers, abd other personnel. For the school, it will help to have a secure assurance of borrowing books from the library and can easily detect the borrowed books. For the Librarian, do not need to consume or use up more time to handle or manage data and to produce a report on library manually. The personnel can organized and find the books easily. For the student, it will borrow books in much easier way. It does not have to fill-up again the library card. A proposed computerized library system is much better than the present library system which is in manual form. The proposed system is not intended to changed all the principle details and methods of borrowing books from the library but rather to improve it in much accurate and reliable form. Statement of the Problem The general problem of the how St. Paul University at San Ildefonso can put up a computerized library system in doing transactions with their clienteles. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. ) What are the problems and difficulties do encounter by the user in managing their present system? 2. ) What are the problems do the students, librarian, teachers and other personnel encountered in handling records and files? 3. ) What are the advantages of the proposed computerized Library system compared to the present Library system? How comparable the present system to proposed system in terms of the following: a. File Transaction b. Manage Data c. Produce Report d. Time and Effort Objectives of the Study General Objective The objective of the study is to develop a computerized library system for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. Specific Objectives To be specific, it attempted to satisfy the following objectives: to improve the library system that helps the librarian, students, professors, other personnel in the college, and other concerned people in terms of borrowing books, Transaction, Managing Data, Saving Records, Produce Reports, and the Time and Effort. To design a system that will lessen the time and effort of the student in their transaction. To quickly search the book needed by the student of the library. To print out reports immediately. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study is intended for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. The proponent noticed that the Library of Montessori Professional College is not updated compared to other school in terms of system which is still in manual management. Then the proponent wants to conduct and germinate the Manual Library System into Computerized Library System to improve the transaction inside the Library. The study is focusing only to improve the library system that helps the librarian, students, teachers, other personnel in the school, and other concerned people in terms of borrowing books, transaction, managing data, saving records, produce reports, and the time and effort. The system is LAN-based that enables the librarian to share the records of the student such as the borrowing books, returning books, search books, and prescriptions of the librarian. The student’s personal information/data may be stored upon the request of authorized librarian. The assigned librarians are the only one who can share any of the records/data of the students. The system is not capable of sharing its data from other databases. The system will be developed using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. Significance of the study In this study there are many persons who will be benefited. The school, Librarian, Students, Teachers, Researchers, and other concerned persons. School will help to have a secure assurance of borrowing from the library and can easily detect the borrowed books. Librarian doesn’t need to consume more time to handle or manage data and to produce a report on library manually. The personnel can organized and find the books easily. Student can borrow books in much easier way. It doesn’t have to fill-up again the library card every time they want to borrow books. Teachers can easily borrow their needed books for their class. Proponent will use to find the information needed in their study regarding about computerized library system that they can use for their future references. Definition of Terms Computerized To equips with or automates by computers. Computerized Library System A computerized library system for an institution keeps track of all books and periodicals in the library and their check-out status. Checkout and return are automated through a bar code reader (an external device). The library system also interfaces with an external relational database which stores information about the library users (students, faculty, and staff), including whether they have any library items checked out. . Library users can access the catalog and recall books and periodicals. Library employees have the same access as well as additional capabilities (e. g. , listing the status of an item). Data Factual information or information for computer processing, distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories: data and programs Programs Are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can exist in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and by test stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a persons mind. Database A set of  data that has a regular structure and that is organized in such a way that a computer can easily find the desired information. LAN (Local Area Network) This serves a local area (typically the area of a floor of a building, but in some cases spanning a distance of several kilometres). Records Data, details, documents, file, information, or reports. In the structure of a database, the part consisting of several uniquely named components called data fields. Several data records make up a data file and several data files make up a database. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Foreign According to Robson (2001),  usability is a key requirement for users, says Elisabeth Robson, Product manager for Online Computer Library Center. The catalogue has become a way to pull together disparate resources, including commercial resources and web links. Management systems also allow circulation, including check in/check outland enable libraries to purchase materials and track where they are. According to Chad (2009), consulting is at a major point of change in the wider information economy within which library systems form part of a larger whole. He was writing in a briefing paper about the study in library management systems. This study examined the systems used in higher-education libraries across the UK and came up with some significant observations and recommendations. It noted that the LMS market in UK higher education is already mature and that four main vendors (ExLibris, Innovative , Sirsi Dynix and Talis) have almost 90 per cent of the market. This market maturity means, according to the study authors, that the benefits to libraries of changing LMS provider are limited. Library users expect to find everything together says Stephen Abram, vice president for innovation at Sirsi Dynix, the leading provider of software solutions and associated services for libraries. According to her traditionally, the library management system or integrated library system (ILS) was responsible for running libraries efficiently and effectively. Over the last few years, the role of the ILS has been expanding from meeting library needs to delivering user experience. Local According to Eden (2011), views that most libraries are forced to work with fewer staff because of the having a more improved and modernized system for their library. According also to the study, the library administration need to emphasize to their staff  that the organization has a vested interest in providing them with the tools and training they need to assist the organization in the new information marketplace. These may include search engines, circulation systems, and the online public access catalog . According to Lopez (2002), University of the Philippines Mindanao when UP in Mindanao accepted its first batch of students in 1996, the Main Library collection was integrated with the core collection of the School of Management (SOM) Library at the Stanfilco Bldg. , Ladislawa Avenue, Buhangin, Davao City. The Filipiniana and General References were housed together with the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) collection in Room 2 of the Philippine Coconut Authority. In the Second Semester AY 1996-1997,the CAS Library moved to its main campus in Bago Oshiro. Upon the recognition of UPin Mindanao by the Board of Regents (BOR) as a constituent unit (CU) of the UP System, the CAS was split into two (2), namely: College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS) and the College of Science and Mathematics (CSM). The Main Library transferred to the newly renovated building where the main collection was set-up beside the books of the CHSS and the CSM. In July 2002, the library established the Library Educational Media and Information Technology Office (LEMITO). The LEMITO handles the audio-visual services, internet and the connectivity of the library. It currently holds office at the Elias B. Lopez Hall Dormitory. CHAPTER III CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Conceptual Model of the Study A Computerized Library System identifies the modern process of technology, on how it works quickly for the students/librarian. Based on the objectives of the study and aforementioned theories and concepts derived from the review of related literature and studies, the following conceptual model of study was developed. The conceptual model of study is best illustrated on the paradigm of the input box; it deals on knowledge requirements, Users Needs, Existing Applications, Development Tools and Techniques, Technical Literature, Results of users survey, expert advice, software, requirements, hardware requirements. It deals on the perceptions towards the existing manual system and the proposed Computerized Library System as to accuracy, user friendliness, security and speed of data and information. The third part tells the operation, process and testing. The last parts discuss the evaluation procedure. Project Development The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method), rapid application development (RAD), joint application development (JAD), the fountain model and the spiral model. Mostly, several models are combined into some sort of  hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any application, and is usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed. Figure 2. Waterfall Model Planning In planning, the proponent conducted an interview to the client to gather some information about on how the librarian manage the books, borrowed books, returned books, all record of the student. It is observed that the librarian writes the records manually of every student who borrowed or returned the Books. The student uses the form given by the librarian. Analysis Based on the proposed Computerized Library System is designed purely from the users viewpoint without considering the constraints of hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such designs are clarified. After checking requirement specifications included in the basic plan, the overview of the project is represented by the use of diagrams so that the processing and flows of data can be easily understood. Designing The software design specifically targeted to librarian of the researchers used a user-friendly design to attract the user to use the new automated system. Here the system was designed purely from the users viewpoint without considering the constraints of  hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such designs are clarified. After checking the requirement specifications included in the planning, the overview of the system represented by the use of diagrams so that the processed of data can be easily understood. Based on the representations, the division into sub-systems and input/output designing was performed. The entire project was divided into a number of modules on a functional basis, and each module was  further divided into smaller units. The designing of the code, such as the determination of a coding system, was conducted. In addition, relationships between the data were  analyzed. Software Development / Coding In the development of the system, the researchers made used of Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0 for encoding source code of the system, in order to be accurate and fast acquisition of data/information. Testing The researchers  installed the new System. The proponent encountered problems while processing it for the first time but after several weeks the system has been successful and introduced it to the respondents. Operating The researchers were responsible for conducting an operation test. The proponent conducted  a test under the actual operation conditions, and verified  that the system satisfies the required specifications. Because this test was intended to have a developed system accepted by the user, it was called an approval test or an acceptance test. The researchers conducted an operation test by running a program on a machine being used for actual operations. Maintenance The researchers conducted maintenance in software to correct faults, to maintain performance or other attributes. The proponent’s common perception of  maintenance merely involves fixing detects. The proponent’s maintenance management system allows segment chiefs to plan maintenance work on fixed assets, such as equipment, machinery and property. Analytical Tools The researchers presented the analytical tools used in the system which are: IPO (Input-Process-Output), VTOC (Visual Table of Contents) and Context Diagram. In order to determine whether standard questionnaire does play an important role in conducting Computerized Library System survey, a total of 50 respondents were asked to participate. To achieve pertinent information, certain inclusion criteria were imposed. The participants qualified for sample selection must be the students and all the users who will be using the library. This qualification ensured that the participants understand the nature of personality questionnaire and its use for employment, making the survey items easy for them to accomplish. These respondents where ask on the problems they have encountered in visiting and using the library. And also there were ask to answer the questions given, based on their observation inside the library. Table 1. Distribution of Respondents Respondents Frequency Students 49 Teacher 0 Librarian 1 Total 50 Evaluation Procedure Data Instrument. Based on the related literature and studies reviewed, the researcher uses a standard questionnaire to assess the performance of the program. The questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents. The evaluation instrument is based on the characteristics and sub-characteristics provided by ISO/IEC 9126. ISO/IEC 9126suggests only five software metrics (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair and Poor). Table 2. Numerical Scale Scale Interpretation 4. 51 to 5. 00 Excellent 3. 51 to 4. 50 Very Good 2. 51 to 3. 50 Good 1. 51 to 2. 50 Fair 1. 00 to 1. 50 Poor Statistical Treatment The data obtained from the respondents were tabulated systematically in order to obtain accurate information related to each element of the target population. Frequency Distribution The arrangement of the values that one or more variables take in a sample. Each entry in the table contains the frequency or count of the occurrences of  values within a particular group or interval, and in this way, the table summarizes the distribution of values in the sample. Percentage Distribution Display of data that shows the percentage of items that falls above or below certain values. To calculate the percentage distribution, divide the class frequency by the total number of items grouped and multiply by 100. Arithmetic Weighted Mean These were utilized to determine the weight of the individual option as to levels of efficiency of both existing procedures and the proposed automated system in terms of Security of data and information, Speed of processing, Accuracy of data and Information, User Friendliness and the alleviation of procedures in accomplishing tasks. ISO/IEC 9126 Data Instrument. Product quality is a standard for the evaluation of  quality. The fundamental objective of this standard is to address some of the well known human biases that can adversely affect the delivery and perception of a software development project. These biases include changing priorities after the start of a project or not having any clear definitions of success. By clarifying, then agreeing on the project priorities and subsequently converting abstract priorities(compliance) to measurable values (output data can be validated against schema X with zero intervention), ISO/IEC 9126 tries to develop a common understanding of the projects objectives and goals. Economic Feasibility For any system if the expected benefits equal or exceed the expected costs, the system can be judged to be economically feasible. In economic feasibility, cost benefit analysis is done in which expected costs and benefits are evaluated. Economic analysis is used for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system. In economic feasibility, the most important is cost as the name suggests, it is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and benefits derivable out of the system. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile.

Theories of Moral Standing

Question: Discuss the moral standing of each of the individual as in Jessica, Marco, Aunt Maria and Dr. Wilson? Answer: The case suggests the moral standing of each of the individual as in Jessica, Marco, Aunt Maria and Dr. Wilson. The moral stand point of each can be judged from a Theoretical perspective: Jessica: The pregnant woman who had the fetus inside her and when she hears about the news of abnormality the rationality of having a deformed baby kicks in. The theory of Kants Categorical Imperative is use here (Jaworska Tannenbaum, 2013). The rationality in use is the sake of the baby who on birth is not assured to have a normal life so this is acting as the morale agent too for her in choosing the right state for her child and her future with Marcos. Marco: The husband and the father to the child is guided by the Benthams Principles of Greatest Happiness Principles which makes him reject the rationality and focus upon the condition of Jessica where he feels the news would affect there well being. He takes time to seek for a more suitable moment to disclose the news which for him is to give his wife more time to think and recover. Again, Wetlesens theory of moral standing is also observed when the husband actually decides to follows the wifes will of choice and independence of making her own decisions about aborting or keeping the baby. This gives the standing of Marcos as a standing of lowest possible negative impact on both the future and well being of there family by letting the wife consider the best option (Hancock, 2013). Aunt Maria: The lady shows the cause of Religion to suggest the family to keep the baby. This behavior has a Parentelism effect playing inside her which makes her interfere with the well being of others irrespective of their own personal choices. The theory suggests that the parentalism claims that the interference would do well for other, upon whose judgment the interference is being made, and it would be a better off decision. In the case, Aunt Marias case is that of interference into the well being of the couple making points of spirituality over rationality (Dworkin, 2002). Dr. Wilson: The stand point of Dr. Wilson in the case is best elaborated by the Kants theory which suggests that the actions are morally right in virtue of their motives. Thus the duty of the Doctor is having inclination over the consequence and interest of others. The relevance of the information is to the mother in the case, from the doctors perspectives (Loyno.edu, 2014). Thus the doctor kept his duty over the husbands intentions or the Aunts spiritual concerns. For the researcher the perspective of the Doctor is the most rational standing as the need to communicate the necessary information to the patient was chosen over other obligations. This is to give the patient all needed information and keep them aware so that the individual patient can take the decision. The pregnancy and the well being of the child is the concern for Jessica over the Aunt or Marcos, therefore the most rational approach in the case can be ascribed to the Doctors moral stand point. References Dworkin, G. (2002). Paternalism. Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2015, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/paternalism/ Hancock, S. (2013). Theories of Moral Standing. Academia.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2015, from https://www.academia.edu/393647/Theories_of_Moral_Standing Jaworska, A., Tannenbaum, J. (2013). The Grounds of Moral Status. Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2015, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/grounds-moral-status/ Loyno.edu,. (2014). Kant's Theory. Retrieved 27 May 2015, from https://www.loyno.edu/~folse/Kant.html#2