All About Sadie Hawkins Day

About Sadie Hawkins Day Sadie Hawkins Day is an occasion that reverses the situation on male/female connections as ladies start to lead the pack in seeking after men. Named after an anecdotal character, Sadie Hawkins Day commends job inversion by authorizing ladies to ask men out on the town or even propose marriage. Theres a typical misinterpretation that February 29th (otherwise called Leap Day) is Sadie Hawkins Day. In spite of the fact that that isnt the case, February 29th holds hugeness for ladies on account of an old Irish convention called St. Bridgets Complaint, which allowed ladies authorization to propose marriage on that day. Sadie Hawkins Day is established in the tale of Sadie Hawkins, a character made by Al Capp in the funny cartoon Lil Abner. Sadie Described as the homeliest lady in the slopes, Sadie couldn't ​toâ get a date; so her dad, a conspicuous resident in the town of Dogpatch, named a day after her to help Sadie get a man. On Sadie Hawkins Day, a footrace was held in Dogpatch so the ladies could seek after the towns qualified lone rangers. As per the Lil Abner site, Sadie Hawkins Day is a vague date in November which Al Capp saw in his funny cartoon for four decades.

The Sociology of Slavery, Race, and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

The Sociology of Slavery, Race, and Ethnicity Essay As per Essentials of Sociology a Down-to-Earth Approach composed by James M. Henslin, Race is characterized as a gathering of individuals with acquired physical qualities that recognize it from another gathering. The idea of race is both a reality and a fantasy. The truth of race is that we as people are brought into the world with an assortment of shapes and hues (Henslin, 214). Contingent upon our hereditary cosmetics, we are seen upon as white, dark, red, yellow, or earthy colored (Henslin, 214). Other distinctive qualities incorporate the shade of our eyes, totality of our lips, and surface of our hair. The grouping of these attributes in the idea of race is clearly reality. Interestingly, the idea of race is additionally viewed as a fantasy. Individuals appear to accept that there are veritable races. For instance, many accept that a race could be made out of just blacks and whites or African Americans and Caucasians. When in actuality, these ordered racial gatherings vary from each other just a single time in a thousand subunits of the genome, making us shockingly homogenous (Henslin, 214). Race, in light of the above contrasts in all actuality and fantasy, is viewed as a touchy issue. It can likewise be mistaken for ethnicity. Race, as referenced above alludes to guessed organic attributes that recognize one gathering of individuals from another, while ethnicity alludes to social qualities (Henslin, 217). They are normally mistaken for each other in light of obliviousness of the individuals. Ethnicity alludes to individuals who relate to one another based on basic lineage and social legacy and their feeling of having a place may fixate on their tribe, nation, or district of birthplace, nourishments, attire, language, music, religion, or family names and connections (Henslin, 217). The terms race and ethnicity or ethnic gatherings are frequently confounded on the grounds that individuals think a specific gathering of individuals are a race when in fact they are actually an ethnic gathering. For instance, individuals think Jews are a race; anyway they are appropriately viewed as an ethnic gathering (Henslin, 217). Their social attributes, particularly their religion tie them together (Henslin, 217). Beside race being a touchy issue, preference and segregation are likewise among subjects individuals delay to talk about. Preference and separation are regular all through the world, hence are huge in public activity (Henslin, 218). Segregation is activity of out of line treatment coordinated against somebody (Henslin, 218). Individuals can be oppressed dependent on numerous qualities. For instance, age, sex, tallness, weight, skin shading, dress, discourse, pay, instruction, conjugal status, sexual direction, infection, handicap, religion, and legislative issues (Henslin, 218). Segregation has been quite a while issue that goes back many, numerous years but it despite everything exists today. Individuals are secured by laws against segregation, anyway others in any case discovers approaches to get around these laws. Segregation is frequently the consequence of a demeanor called partiality (Henslin, 220). Preference means the ownership of negative mentalities of a specific kind with respect to individuals from a particular gathering or class (Denmark, 2010). As ordinarily utilized, preference isn't just an announcement of conclusion or conviction, however a disposition that incorporates emotions, for example, hatred, abhorrence, or hating (Denmark, 2010). Segregation is a term applied to the negative activities that outcome from biased mentalities and that are coordinated against the objectives or survivors of partiality (Denmark, 2010). Somebody who is biased may, in specific circumstances, practice segregation. Segregation can be arranged into different classifications including singular separation and institutional separation. Singular separation is the contrary treatment of one individual by another (Henslin, 222). This treatment for the most part includes people. For instance, one might be segregate another as a result of the shade of their skin. This at that point becomes and issue between these two people. Institutional Discrimination is the negative treatment of a minority bunch that is assembled onto a society’s organizations (Henslin, 222). This sort of segregation makes favor for one gathering against others due to race or ethnicity. For example, being denied a credit application in view of the shade of one’s skin. Studies from prior have indicated that bank moneylenders had taken an interest in such works on victimizing minorities by dismissing their advance applications (Henslin, 222). They protected themselves by expressing that whites would be advised to record as a consumer (Henslin, 222). The subject of race, segregation, bias, singular separation, and institutional separation all have majorly affected the present social, training, and monetary situation of African Americans. Separation including agreeable endeavors by the land business, government lodging arrangement, banking directions, and neighborhood associations guaranteed blacks were confined in lodging decisions to the least alluring local locations (Collins and Williams, 1999). Along these lines, placing African Americans in predicament as it identifies with social, instructive, and financial chances. Schools help to mingle and give information to youngsters to turn out to be better people in the public eye. In any case, when the schools are situated at all attractive local location, this represents a danger to the socialization and training of youngsters. This majorly affects those African American kids since they are not managed similar training and socialization as those kids going to the more attractive schools. Whites additionally show far reaching acknowledgment of negative generalizations of blacks and extraordinary hesitance to positive ones in this way affecting the present situation of African Americans (Collins and Williams, 1999). For instance, the greater part of whites accept blacks are inclined to savagery, like to live off government assistance, and come up short on the inspiration or resolve to pull themselves up out of neediness (Collins and Williams, 1999). African Americans at that point disguise this bigotry since they have been told or hear these claims again and again and now accept that it is valid, therefore influencing them socially, instructively, and financially. Isolation has additionally assumed a significant job in the effect of the present circumstances of African Americans. Blacks are disheartened from living in white neighborhoods and whites keep on moving out of networks when the dark populace expands (Collins and Williams, 1999). There has been an exceptionally insignificant decrease in isolation after some time for this is another issue affecting African Americans today (Collins and Williams, 1999). Taking everything into account, before the social equality enactment, African Americans were not managed indistinguishable open doors from whites. Humanist William Julius Wilson has expressed, â€Å"The African American experience was commanded by race. † He has expressed this since African. Americans were isolated from whites and this unfavorably influenced African Americans. They were adversely rewarded, exclusively dependent on the comparable qualities of their skin. Another term generally used to portray this treatment is bigotry. Whites had the option to keep up their social good ways from blacks, constraining them to just certain occupations and openings (Henslin, 227). They likewise had the option to control the social organizations to stifle African Americans and deny them full access to society’s benefits, a term scholars utilize interior imperialism (Henslin, 227). By denying black’s access to the general public, whites had the option to control them dependent on race. REFERENCES Collins, C. what's more, Williams, R. (1999). The Deadly Effects of Racism. Sociological Forum, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Sept. , 1999), pp. 495-523. Recovered March 16, 2011 from JSTOR database. Demark, F. L. (2010), Prejudice and Discrimination. Retreived March 17, 2011 from http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/9780470479216. corpsy0700/full Henslin, J. M. (2011). Fundamentals of Sociology: A Down-To-Earth Approach. Boston: Pearson Higher Education.

What Is an AP Test Perfect Score Do You Need One

What Is an AP Test Perfect Score Do You Need One SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In the event that you read your nearby paper, you may have seen an article about somebody from your territory getting a â€Å"perfect score† on an AP test. In any case, what is an AP test impeccable score, and how is it not quite the same as a 5? Continue perusing to discover what an AP test flawless score is, the thing that it implies, what number of understudies get one, and if it’s an objective you ought to focus on. What Is a Perfect AP Score and What Does It Signify? On the off chance that you get an ideal score on an AP test, that implies that you got all focuses imaginable on the exam.So you responded to each various decision question effectively and scored the greatest measure of focuses on each free reaction question. Really amazing! How does this identify with the score you get from 1-5? All things considered, on the off chance that you get an ideal score you will get a 5 on the test. Be that as it may, your 5 won’t be worth more than anybody else’s 5. Furthermore, you don’t need to get anything near an ideal score to get a 5 on the test. As it were, the way that you got an ideal score doesn’t truly increment the estimation of your standard score on the 5-point scale. Indeed, your ideal score isn't accounted for on your score report-only the 5. At the point when an understudy achievesa flawless score, the College Board as a rule educates the school legitimately in the fall. The school at that point advises the understudy. This regularly appears to prompt a degree of minor neighborhood VIP, with impeccable scorers much of the time being met by nearby papers and having articles expounded up on them on school sites. As referenced over, the ideal score doesn’t show up on your score report, however it’s unquestionably something worth answering to schools on the off chance that it happens in light of the fact that it is great and unordinary. An ideal score would make you the somewhat extraordinary yellow storage in this column of orange storage spaces. What number of Students Geta Perfect Score on an AP Exam? Exactly how surprising is it to get an ideal score on an AP test? It relies upon the test, however regardless of the test, it’s an uncommon accomplishment. The College Board discharged an archive of 2013 AP test immaculate score details, yet it doesn’t show up they’ve made a comparative report for 2014 or 2015. In any case, a progression of tweets by the College Board’s head of AP, Trevor Packer, uncovers all the data about what number of understudies got ideal scores in 2015. I’ve collected the information into a diagram that shows what number of ideal scores there were by number and by level of test-takers in 2015, also asthe level of test takers who got a 5 in every test. 2015 Perfect Scores as Compared to Fives Test # Perfect Scores # Test-Takers % Perfect Scores % 5s Math AB 3 302,532 .00099% 24.6% Math BC 1 118,707 .00084% 48.4% AP Chemistry 3 152,745 .00196% 10.1% Software engineering A 66 48,994 .1347% 21.3% French Language 1 22,084 .0045% 18.4% US Gov and Politics 3 282,571 .00106% 11.9% Latin 1 6,571 .0152% 13.2% Macroeconomics 18 126,267 .01426% 16.1% Microeconomics 49 78,408 .0625% 15.9% Material science C: EM 1 22,789 .0044% 33.5% Material science C: Mechanics 6 52,678 .0114% 32.4% Brain research 4 276,971 .0014% 18.7% Spanish Language 7 144,561 .0048% 24.6% Measurements 2 195,526 .001% 14.3% As should be obvious, while in any event 10% of test takers scored a 5 on each exam,the flawless scoresare little, minuscule, small rates. Microeconomics and Computer Science A had the most elevated level of ideal scorers by a genuinely huge edge, however even those have minusculecounts of .0625% and .1347%, separately. There were few ideal scores for the AP Art portfolios, yet since those aren’t reviewed by means of a test, I left them off the outline. Something else, if a test isn’t in this diagram, there were no ideal scores. AP Exams without any consummates in 2015 were: Art History, Biology, Chinese, English Language, English Literature, Environmental Science, European History, German, Comparative Government and Politics, Human Geography, Italian, Japanese, Physics 1, Physics 2, Spanish Literature, US History, World History. In entirety: ideal scores on AP tests are a super-uncommon event. Super-uncommon like emerald gems. Is Getting a Perfect Score a Realistic Goal? Given what a limited number of understudies get them, it’s not an entirely feasible or reasonable objective to effectively go after an ideal score on an AP test, in any event, for a test where flawless scores are insignificantly progressively regular like Microeconomics or Computer Science A. Regardless of whether you have absolute authority of a subject, only one little error on test day will keep you from getting an ideal score. Additionally,you will never realize how close you were in the event that you don’t get an ideal score-crude point sums aren’t answered to students.You could get 179/180 focuses and ignoramus aside from that you got a 5. That makes an ideal score a baffling objective notwithstanding a troublesome one! The minimal advantage is likewise not that high-a little degree of brief neighborhood superstar and a great tidbit for your school applications. In the event that you truly need to stand apart to universities, there arebetter approaches to build up your applicationthat are more inside your control and where your work will take care of all the more legitimately. Regarding test scores, it bodes well to take a shot at getting good grades on your normalized school selection tests like the SAT, the ACT, and SAT Subject Tests.Any strong arrangement work you put in there will pay off in your revealed scores, dissimilar to on an AP test, where you either get an ideal or you never discover your crude score. In all actuality, in light of nearby news profiles, most AP test impeccable scorers are astounded to have gotten an ideal score and weren’t explicitly focusing on one. In this way, while it’s not difficult to get an ideal score on an AP test, especially in a subject you are talented in, it’s not so much worth your opportunity to explicitly focus on an ideal. Focus on a 5, give a valiant effort, and it could occur, yet don’t stress overit. Try the impossible! Furthermore, by stars, I mean a 5. Key Takeaways While it won’t give you any more school credit or appear on your score report, an ideal score on an AP test full credit for all test divides is a noteworthy achievement. Just few understudies get impeccable scores every year. Be that as it may, I don’t suggest making an ideal score your objective, essentially on the grounds that the advantages instead of getting a 5 are just minimal. You’d be vastly improved served working for ideal stamps on the SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject tests. What's Next? Reading for your AP tests? Realize when you have to begin getting ready for your AP tests to get that desired 5. In case you're stepping through an assortment of examinations, make sense of whether AP tests or Subject Tests are increasingly significant for you. Considering what the modified SAT position implies for you?Or perhaps you're taking the ACT and searching for the entirety of our ACT study direct assets! Need to improve your SAT score by 160 or your ACT score by 4 points?We've composed a guide for each test about the main 5 systems you should use to have a taken shots at improving your score. Download it with the expectation of complimentary at this point:

Free Essays on Law And Order

I accept that there are a few things worth of notice in Zinn’s writings. One of them is the extremely canny point of view Zinn has on Law and Justice. At a certain point of the content he offers a conversation starter that left me thinking: where is our more prominent commitment, to law or to equity? I unequivocally feel that our â€Å"obligation† is both to law and to equity with duty, monitoring the results of our activities. Equity and law ought to consistently be as one. Despite the fact that I imagine that law and equity ought to be as one, I likewise feel that occasionally it’s inescapable to overstep the law so as to accomplish equity. Once in a while the legitimate framework should be adjusted to current occasions. Because of the incredible arrangement of interests of huge organizations, individuals from the legislature, and the natural administration of the framework, the lawful framework doesn't advance into an increasingly exhaustive one. This is the reason in some cases the law should be broken so as to accomplish equity. At the point when the law is broken, there are sure components that are unavoidable to see. Here comes Zinn’s greatest addressing dependent on the weight compliance and insubordination has on law and equity. Zinn says, â€Å"†¦absolute compliance to all laws will disregard equity and eventually lead to huge disorder.† I couldn’t concur more with his announcement. In addition to other things, Zinn gives a truly reasonable perspective on law and equity. He bolsters his announcements with verifiable realities that lead us to wretchedness or opportunity by methods for submission or disobedience.... Free Essays on Law And Order Free Essays on Law And Order I accept that there are a few things worth of notice in Zinn’s writings. One of them is the extremely wise point of view Zinn has on Law and Justice. At a certain point of the content he offers a conversation starter that left me thinking: where is our more noteworthy commitment, to law or to equity? I unequivocally feel that our â€Å"obligation† is both to law and to equity with duty, monitoring the results of our activities. Equity and law ought to consistently be as one. In spite of the fact that I believe that law and equity ought to be as one, I likewise feel that occasionally it’s inescapable to overstep the law so as to accomplish equity. Some of the time the legitimate framework should be adjusted to current occasions. Because of the incredible arrangement of interests of enormous organizations, individuals from the legislature, and the inborn administration of the framework, the legitimate framework doesn't advance into an increasingly complete one. This is the reason here and there the law should be broken so as to accomplish equity. At the point when the law is broken, there are sure components that are inescapable to see. Here comes Zinn’s greatest addressing dependent on the weight submission and rebellion has on law and equity. Zinn says, â€Å"†¦absolute acquiescence to all laws will disregard equity and at some point or another lead to gigantic disorder.† I couldn’t concur more with his announcement. In addition to other things, Zinn gives a truly reasonable perspective on law and equity. He underpins his announcements with verifiable realities that lead us to wretchedness or opportunity by methods for acquiescence or disobedience....

New Student Series Part 2 Laho Bangoura COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Series Part 2 Laho Bangoura COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In our second edition of new-student introductions, Id like everyone to welcome  Laho Bangoura. Hes from the  Republic of Guinea, and at just 32 years old, he became the youngest  diplomat to obtain the title  of Chief of Staff, with the rank of ambassador, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He hopes to use  his SIPA degree to  strengthen Guinea’s voice and visibility in the world, he says. Read the rest of his story below. Full Name: Laho Bangoura Program: Master of International Affairs Concentration: International Security Policy Specialization: International Organization UN Studies Anticipated Graduation Year: 2017 Hometown: Telemele, Republic of Guinea Undergraduate university, major and graduation year: Université de Poitiers, Poitiers (France),  Master 2 in Law, Economics and Management, obtained in 2010 Université Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry (Guinea),  Master in Computer Sciences, obtained in 2001 What’s your professional background? Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Guineans LIVING Abroad Ambassador, Special Adviser to the Senior Minister, since 2014 Ambassador, Chief of Staff, from 2012 to 2014 High Commission for State Reform and Administration Modernization (HC-SRAM), Office of the President Director of the Department of Administration Modernization, from 2009 to 2011 ETI-SA, Enterprise leader in new technologies in Guinea, first Internet Services Provider Head of the Department of Products and Services, from 2007 to 2009 Networks and Information Systems Manager, from 2002 to 2007 Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? I applied for MIA at SIPA to enhance my knowledge and experience in the field of my current work: Diplomacy. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? I closed my office and I started to re-read the letter of admission to make sure Im not dreaming.  I made a prayer to give thanks to God. I then called some parents and friends who have supported and encouraged me while I was preparing my application. Why did you say yes to SIPA? Study at Columbia SIPA is a unique opportunity for anyone who wants to achieve a brilliant career at an international level. I can not imagine refusing an offer of admission to this prestigious school with very valuable assets. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? I look forward to master the areas of “International Security Policy” and “International Organization and United Nations Studies” to help effectively strengthening Guinea’s voice and visibility in the world. Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? No. Photo courtesy of Laho Bangoura. What are your goals after SIPA? After SIPA I plan to return to my country, to help reforming the Guinea’s multilateral diplomatic missions. In medium term I aim to hold a high ranking position working either with or for the United Nations in New York or Geneva. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Remove barriers and borders between countries. Tell us something interesting about yourself: For more than ten years, in parallel of my professional career, I am engaged in active citizenship through Junior Chamber International (JCI). JCI is an organization whose purpose is to provide development opportunities that empower young people to create positive change. JCI has nearly 170,000 members around the world; these active citizens ages 18 to 40 are from over 120 countries and are engaged with 5,000 communities. In this wonderful organization, I have held several positions responsibilities including JCI International Vice President assigned to Africa and the Middle East in 2010. What started in 2010 as JCI Vice-president visiting countries under my jurisdiction and meeting authorities as “ambassador, special envoy” turned within three years into a real appointment as Chief of Staff, with the rank of ambassador, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Thus, at 32 I became the youngest diplomat at this position and one of the top decision makers in the Guinean diplomacy. If youd like to participate in the series, please email us at sipa_new@columbia.edu  to share your personal admissions story,  what your summer vacation will entail/did entail, or anything else you think your peers would enjoy reading about! You may submit a blog post of your choosing, or submit the  New Student Survey with pre-populated questions to get you started. And don’t forget  to submit  a photo or two to help us visualize your story!  (And when your post is published, Ill also tag you on social media if you include your  profile  URLs.)

A Look At Murugappa Group Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Some of the well known Brands from the house of Murugappa are ; BSA and Hercules for bicycles , Ajax and ballmaster are known for abrasives , Parryware is a market leader in sanitaryware , gromor and framos are known for fertilizers .One of their product , neem Azal (made from neem) is a market leader in bio-fertilizers . they have some very high profile international tie ups like ; Morgan Crucibles of the UK , Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance of Japan , Wendt of Germany and BorgWarner of the USA . There 8 companies are listed on Bombay stock exchange and national stock exchange and are frequently traded . they also have 43 patents on there name for production innovation. It also has been at the forefront of safety in all the manufacturing facilities, promoting awareness and caring for the Health of its employees and protecting the environment. Almost all the manufacturing facilities of the group companies have been awarded the highest and contemporary certifications for Quality and Environment protection. Because of absence of consolidated financial data for the whole group and its 8 listed companies ,therefore to understand the financial history of the group we will focus on the flagship company of the group , which is Tube investments of India Limited . Tube Investments : Tube investments is the flagship company of the murugappa group with a contribution of Rs. 2440 crores towards the revenue of the group . TI was setup in year 1949 .they were indias first integrated biccle manufacturers of that time . TI has business of : bicycles and electri scooters , Engineering business, metal forming business. From plain steel tubes they have emerged as a primary point of reference for precision tubular solutions in the automotive industry . now foray in power transmission , mobility and infrastructure also , automotive and industrial chains . FINANCIAL REVIEW Profits Profitability With largely stable price of commodities, steel and oil, the strong focus on improving operating efficiencies, control overcosts and a good product mix, the overall performance of allthe segments of the Company was very good. The earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation Amortisation beforeexceptional items grew from Rs. 124 Crores to Rs. 265 Crores,a growth of 114%. The Company has also improved itsoperating EBITDA margin from 5.7% to 11.3%.Capital ExpenditureIn keeping with its policy of pursuing and investing in longterm growth opportunities, the Company invested inestablishing green field facilities for manufacture of productscatering to the requirements of the Railways. A new facilityfor manufacture of doorframes is also being established atSanand, Gujarat. Apart from these facilities, the Companycontinued to invest in equipment for modernisation,enhancing productivity and improving quality. The totalinvestment in capital assets was Rs. 83 Crores. Depreciationon the assets of the Company is provided based on theirestimated useful life , leading to a higher charge towardsdepreciation in the case of some assets of the Company.AcquisitionDuring the financial year, the Company acquired a majoritystake in the Sedis Group, manufacturers of industrial chainsin France, by acquiring 77.13% stake in Financiere C10 S.A.S(FC10) with an agreement to buy the balance shares within aperiod of three years. The cost of acquisition of the 77.13%stake was Rs. 43.6 Crores. FC10 specialises in themanufacture of customised chains for a variety of industrialuses. FC10 possesses five global patents and has a veryimpressive list of customers. The management team at FC10is very capable and experienced and have steered thecompany profitably through turbulent times in the recent past.The acquisition will provide the Companys chains businesswith access to new technologies to manufacture productsthat are currently being imported into India. In addition, thebusiness will also be able to enhance its presence in theEuropean market by leveraging t he Sedis brand and itsdistribution network. Interest CostOn the back of a good performance by all the segments ofthe Company, the cash generated helped to keep theborrowings lower and consequently, the interest cost for the year was contained at around the same level as last year.The average rate of interest for the year was at 6.6% against7.3% in the previous year. As in the previous years, theCompany uses a judicious mix of long and short term funds,domestic and foreign currency borrowings and appropriatetenors to ensure the interest cost is kept at the lowest.Exchange Differences on International Trade BorrowingsThe Company has entered into forward contracts andderivatives to hedge the foreign exchange fluctuation riskarising out of exports and repayment of long term foreigncurrency borrowings.From the year 2007-08, the Company opted to account suchexposures in line with the method prescribed in AccountingStandard 30 (AS 30). Applying the criteria laid down for HedgeAccoun ting, an amount of Rs. 2.8 Crores has been chargedto the Profit Loss Account and a sum of Rs.4.4 Crores hasbeen taken to the Hedge Accounting Reserve. The amountin the Reserve account will be reversed when the transactionoccurs and the actual loss / gain is accounted.InvestmentsThe Company invested Rs.92.5 Crores in the rights issues ofCMSGICL. This investment will enhance the capital of the subsidiary and put it on a sound footing to grow its businessfurther.During the year, a wholly owned subsidiary was establishedin China to facilitate the operation of the e-scooters andbicycles business. The value of the investment made wasRs.1.85 Crores.The Company also acquired FC 10 in France for aconsideration of Rs. 43.6 Crores for the 77.13% holding.Subsequent to the close of the financial year, the stake ofDBS Bank Ltd, Singapore (DBS) in Cholamandalam DBSFinance Ltd (CDFL) was purchased by the Murugappa Group.Accordingly, the Company acquired 1,75,82,000 equity sharesof CDFL for a co nsideration of Rs. 160 Crores from DBS.Consequent to this acquisition, CDFL has become asubsidiary of the Company. The Company will also beacquiring the 1% Fully Convertible Cumulative Preference Shares issued by CDFL and currently held by New AmbadiEstates Pvt. Ltd. Having exited the personal loan businessand focusing on its core strengths of vehicle financing andhome equity, the business is expected to perform well in theyears ahead.The operations of Tubular Precision Products (Suzhou)Company Ltd were not profitable. Considering the difficultmarket conditions and the time it would take to reach thedesired profitability benchmarks of the Company, it was decided to liquidate the subsidiary. The liquidation processcommenced in December 2009 and concluded by March2010. The loss on the liquidation of the subsidiary wasRs. 39.95 Crores and this has been fully absorbed in theaccounts for the current financial year. The assets of the company will be relocated to the various plant s in India tomeet the higher demand from these plants.TII Shareholding TrustArising out of the amalgamation of TIDC India Ltd (TIDC) with the Company in 2004, the TII Shareholding Trust was vestedwith 1,01,51,870 shares of the Company. Out of this,57,50,000 shares were sold in 2007-08. The balance sharesare to be disposed of before December 2010. Review of Performance The highlight of the year was the improved performance by all the business segments of the Company. Good growth in volume, largely stable prices with respect to key raw materials and focus on operating efficiencies enabled the Company to report a higher Profit before Tax at Rs.129.50 Crores against Rs. 83.02 Crores, last year, a growth of 56%. The Profit reported above is after providing Rs.39.95 Crores towards diminution in value of investments and other amounts receivable relating to the Companys subsidiary viz., Tubular Precision Products (Suzhou) Co Ltd. The operating profit excl uding the said provision grew by 366% over the previous year. The Bicycles divisions turnover grew by 31% and the division reported a profit before interest and tax of Rs. 68.72 Crores against Rs. 29.17 Crores in the previous year. A significant growth in volume, good product mix and higher sales through the retail formats pioneered by the Company contributed to this performance. As many as 79 new models were introduced catering to the various customer segments based on consumer insights and feedback and these products have met with very good response from the market. The division continues its focused marketing efforts across all segments, from toddlers to the high-end performance bicycles, for the discerning bicycle enthusiast. The electric scooters launched by the Company last year have gained market acceptance garnering a good market share in the southern part of the country. The division has been working on improving the perfor mance of motors, controller and battery in line with the expectations of the consumers. The Engineering division of the Company grew its tubes business by 20% in volume terms and 5% in turnover. A significant part of the growth came through the higher sale of the value added tubes and tubular components. The profit before interest and tax grew by 415% from Rs. 16.54 Crores to Rs.85.10 Crores. This was achieved through higher volume, good product mix, focus on internal efficiencies and better utilisation of resources. The export market was affected due to the recession and consequently, exports were down by 12%. Your Company is also pursuing growth opportunities in new segments linked with the infrastructure industries that offer higher potential; this will help de-risk the revenue streams in the coming years. In the Metal Formed Products division, there was a double digit growth in volume of all segments, excluding export of indu strial chain which continues to be affected by the recession. With an improvement in the sale of new models and growth in the existing models, the sale of car doorframes was higher at 31%. The new facility for manufacture of doorframes at Sanand, Gujarat is nearing completion and is expected to be commissioned in the first quarter of this financial year. In the Railways segment, there was an increase of 49% on the sale of cold rolled formed sections for wagons. The new facility at Uttarakhand for manufacture of these sections was commissioned during the year and this will help your Company to increase revenue in the current year. The facility for manufacture of side wall, end wall and roof assemblies for passenger coaches at the plant near Chennai has been commissioned and the output of this facility will contribute to the growth of this division from this financial year. During the year under review, the sale of automotive chains increas ed by 53%. This was possible due to the increased off-take by major customers on the back of growth in the industry. The facility established at Uttarakhand for manufacture of chains is functioning at full capacity and given the growth trends; there is a need to pursue expansion of capacities at all the plants. Management Discussion and Analysis The Management Discussion and Analysis Report, which forms part of this Annual Report, sets out an analysis of the individual businesses including the industry scenario, performance, financial analysis, investments and risk mitigation. Dividend Your Directors are pleased to recommend a dividend of Rs.1.50 per equity share of Rs.2 each. MURUGAPPA GROUP FINANCIAL HISTORY PGDMB11-06

Italian Verbs Arrivare Conjugations

arrivare: to arrive, come (to), reach, succeed (in), manage, happen, occur Regular  first-conjugation Italian verbIntransitive verb (does not take a  direct object) Indicative/Indicativo Presente io arrivo tu arrivi lui, lei, Lei arriva noi arriviamo voi arrivate loro, Loro arrivano Imperfetto io arrivavo tu arrivavi lui, lei, Lei arrivava noi arrivavamo voi arrivavate loro, Loro arrivavano Passato Remoto io arrivai tu arrivasti lui, lei, Lei arriv noi arrivammo voi arrivaste loro, Loro arrivarono Futuro Semplice io arriver tu arriverai lui, lei, Lei arriver noi arriveremo voi arriverete loro, Loro arriveranno Passato Prossimo io sono arrivato/a tu sei arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei arrivato/a noi siamo arrivati/e voi siete arrivati/e loro, Loro sono arrivati/e Trapassato Prossimo io ero arrivato/a tu eri arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei era arrivato/a noi eravamo arrivati/e voi eravate arrivati/e loro, Loro erano arrivati/e Trapassato Remoto io fui arrivato/a tu fosti arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei fu arrivato/a noi fummo arrivati/e voi foste arrivati/e loro, Loro furono arrivati/e Future Anteriore io sar arrivato/a tu sarai arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei sar arrivato/a noi saremo arrivati/e voi sarete arrivati/e loro, Loro saranno arrivati/e Subjunctive/Congiuntivo Presente io arrivi tu arrivi lui, lei, Lei arrivi noi arriviamo voi arriviate loro, Loro arrivino Imperfetto io arrivassi tu arrivassi lui, lei, Lei arrivasse noi arrivassimo voi arrivaste loro, Loro arrivassero Passato io sia arrivato/a tu sia arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei sia arrivato/a noi siamo arrivati/e voi siate arrivati/e loro, Loro siano arrivati/e Trapassato io fossi arrivato/a tu fossi arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei fosse arrivato/a noi fossimo arrivati/e voi foste arrivati/e loro, Loro fossero arrivati/e Conditional/Condizionale Presente io arriverei tu arriveresti lui, lei, Lei arriverebbe noi arriveremmo voi arrivereste loro, Loro arriverebbero Passato io sarei arrivato/a tu saresti arrivato/a lui, lei, Lei sarebbe arrivato/a noi saremmo arrivati/e voi sareste arrivati/e loro, Loro sarebbero arrivati/e Imperative/Imperativo Presente arriva arrivi arriviamo arrivate arrivino Infinitive/Infinito Presente arrivare Passato essere arrivato Participle/Participio Presente arrivante Passato arrivato Gerund/Gerundio Presente arrivando Passato essendo arrivato